中国获研发FDI规模超美国 China passes US in race for FDI in research an

China’s dominance as a manufacturing destination has diminished as labour costs in the country rise and as overall foreign direct investment flows plateau, but this is being offset by successes in capturing higher-value inward investment projects, such as those related to research and development. China is emerging as an RD hub, in line with a government push to promote innovation and a race by Chinese companies to catch up with western competitors.随着中国国内劳动力成本上升，以及流向中国的外商必要投资(FDI)转入稳定期，中国作为制造业外国投资主要目的地国的地位开始上升，但中国在更有更高价值的外国投资项目方面——例如与研发有关的项目——极为顺利。中国于是以沦为一个研发中心，这与中国政府推展创意的希望以及中国企业追上西方竞争对手的行动吻合。Research from fDi Markets, an FT data service, reveals that China has caught up with the US in attracting foreign investment in RD. Between January 2010 and December 2014, China attracted 88 greenfield RD projects from foreign companies, against 91 in the US, and these projects involved capital investment of an estimated $5.5bn — more than twice the amount for the US. This puts China first in the world for the amount of greenfield foreign investment in RD projects since 2010 and second in number of projects.英国《金融时报》旗下数据服务机构fDi Markets的研究表明，在更有外国研发投资方面，中国已跟上美国的脚步。

2010年1月至2014年12月，中国更有了来自外国公司的88个绿地研发项目，美国更有了91个；中国这些项目估算牵涉到55亿美元资本投资，是美国的两倍多。也就是说，中国自2010年以来在研发领域更有的绿地外国投资规模位列全球之首，项目数量位列全球第二。Last year, fDi Markets tracked 11 RD projects into China, for $1.3bn, compared with 17 projects totalling $327m into the US. The previous year, China received 24 RD projects at nearly $1.4bn, in a year when global greenfield expenditure on RD projects continued a decline seen since 2011.去年，fDi Markets跟踪了中国更有的11个研发项目，价值13亿美元，美国为17个项目，总价值3.27亿美元。2013年，中国更有了近14亿美元、24个研发项目投资，当年，全球绿地研发投资开支沿袭自2011年以来的下降势头。

The pharmaceuticals sector is leading RD investment in China, accounting for $1.6bn last year. Business machines and equipment ($817m) and consumer electronics ($540m) were the second and third most active sectors, suggesting a healthy spread of research-intensive activity across key industries. US companies are the most active RD investors in China, with 32 companies spending $1.6bn on 36 projects in 2014, according to fDi Markets.制药行业是中国首要的研发投资领域，去年更有了16亿美元投资。商业机器和设备（8.17亿美元）以及消费电子（5.4亿美元）分列第二和第三，这指出，研究密集型活动在各个关键行业之间呈现出身体健康产于。在中国展开研发投资的外国公司中，美国公司尤为活跃——根据fDi Markets的数据，去年，有32家美国公司在中国36个项目上开支16亿美元。

This comes as domestic Chinese companies are ramping up their own RD expenditure and helping lead a shift in global RD spending patterns and innovative activity. According to a study from consultancy Strategy, while North American, European and Japanese companies still dominate total worldwide RD spending, their respective shares are either stagnating or declining. The number of companies with headquarters in China represented on Strategy’s Global Innovation 1000 list has multiplied from just eight in 2005 to 114 in 2014, and Chinese companies increased their RD spending by 46 per cent last year compared with single-digit growth rates in North America and Europe.目前中国国内企业于是以增大研发开支，并协助引导全球研发开支模式和创意活动的新趋势。根据咨询机构Strategy的一项研究，北美、欧洲和日本公司仍在全球研发总支出中占到主导地位，但它们各自所占到的份额要么仍然快速增长，要么经常出现了下降。攀上Strategy全球创意1000强劲(Global Innovation 1000)榜单的总部坐落于中国的公司数量从2005年的8家减至2014年的114家；中国公司去年的研发开支快速增长46%，而北美和欧洲的这个增长速度仅有为个位数。

Publicly funded RD is also on the rise in China, as the government seeks to move the economy rapidly up the value chain. It is a climb that appears to be all but complete.在中国，政府资助的研发项目也在激增，因为中国政府期望很快提高本国经济活动在价值链上的方位。目前显然，中国或许已将要已完成这个“上升”阶段。

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